Pump.



F. J. PERKINS.

PUMP. ArPLIoATIoN FILED 111111193911.

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T. J. PERKINS.

PUMP. APPLIOATION FILED 11111.29, 1911.

1,002,306. Patented Sept. 5,1911.

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APPLICATION FILED MAB.. 29, 1911.

Patented Sept. 5, 1911.

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y NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANKLIN J. PERKINS, OF WOBURN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO HOLDER-PERRINS COMPANY, OF WOBURN, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION 0F MASSACHUSETTS..

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Specification of Ifetters Patent.

Patented Sept. 5, 1911.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANKLIN J. PER- KINS, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in Woburn, county of Middlesex, and State ofMassachusetts,\have invented an Improvement in Pumps, of which thefollowing description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, isa specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to a pumping apparatus and is herein shown as.embodied in apparatus with which a substantially high pressure may beobtained in an accumulator or other tank or vessel in a minimum time,and with a prime mover for the pump of minimum size and capacity.

The pumping apparatus herein shown is provided with a plurality ofcylinders of various sizes, which are connected with the pressure tankto discharge Huid therein, and provision is made for automaticallydisconnecting some of the cylinders individually from the pressure tankwhen the pressure in Ithe latter reaches ,successive predeterminedpoints. The cylinders of the pump may and preferably will be arrangedtandem and made of different areas or sizes, as will be described, andthe cut-out for each cylinder is arranged so that the cylinders may besuccessively disconnected from the" pressure tank beginning with thecylinder of largest size. `These and other features of this inventionwill be pointed out in the claims at the end of this specilication.`

Figure 1 is a side elevation of one form of pumping apparatus embodyingthis invent-ion. Fig. 2, a vertical longitudinal section of the pumpportion of the apparatus shown in Fig.l 1. Fig. 3, an end elevation ofthe pump portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 looking toward theleft, and Fig. 4, a detail in section on an enlarged scale of one of theautomatic cut-outs to be referred to.

In the present instance,the invention is shown as embodied in a pumpingapparatus provided with four cylinders 1, 2, 3, 4, arranged in tandemand of different sizes, which successively'decrease from the cylinder 1to the cylinder 4. The cylindersA 1 with which the inlet to 4 havelocated in them pistons or plungers .5, 6, 7, 8, which maybe detachablysecured together or maybe madeas one piece with the piston rod 9 of asteam engine 10 of any suitable construction.

The pump cylinders 1 to 4 are made individual as herein shown, andsecured to'- gether by bolts 12 in a manner Well understood. Each pumpcylinder is provided with a Huid inlet and With a fluid outlet, and inthe present instance the fluid inlet passage 13 for each cylinder isconnected with a supply chamber 14, which is connected by 'a pipe 15with the source of fluid supply, which -is represented in Fig. 1 as atank or vessel 16. Communication between each fluid inlet passage 13 andthe supply chamber 14 is controlled by a check valve 18, which isarranged to be opened on the suction stroke of the piston in thecylinder passage is connected near its front end as herein represented,and each cylinder is provided near its front end with anoutlet port 20controlled by a check valve 21, which is arranged to be held to its seaton the suction stroke of the piston and to be opened on the dischargestroke of the piston. The valves 2l of the cylinders l to 4 inclusivecont-rol communication between the said cylinders and their outletpassages 25, 26, 27, 28, which are individually connected with anaccumulator or other closed tank or vessel 29, in which it is desired toaccumulate the fluid under pressure. The outlet passages 25, 26, 27,have connected with them valve casings 30, 31, 32, each provided withoutlet ports 33, 34, which are connected by pipes 35, 36, with theaccumulator 29, and the outlet passage 28 is connected by a branch pipe37 with the pipe 35.

. Each of the valve casings 30, 31, 32, is provided witha valvecontrolling the ports 33, 34, said valve in the present instance beingshown as a hollow cylinder 40, open at its lower end and closed at itsupper end, and provided in its body portion with slots 41, 42, formingports, which are designed to connect the interior of the valve with thepipes 35, 36, as will be described. The valve 40 is normally held up inits casing against registers with the mouth of the ports 41, 33 into thea stop 45 (see Fig. 2) by a spring 46, encirclin a rod 47 attached tothe valve and eX- tended through the closed upper end of the valvecasing, said spring bearing against a collar 48, which is ad'usted onthe rod 47 by nuts 49 engaging the t readed end of the said rod. Thevalve casing has communicating with it above the valve 40 in itsuppermost position, a pipe 50, which leads to the upper part of theaccumulator, so that the valve iS subjected to the pressure within theaccumulator at all times. When the pressure is below a predeterminedpoint, which is determined by the adjustable nuts 49 acting on thespring 46, the latter overcomes the pressure on the upper s rface of thevalve and lifts the latter against its stop, and when the valve is inthis position, the port 41 port 33, thereby connecting the valve casingwith the pipe 35, and the port 42 is out of line'with the port 34, andcommunication between the valve casing and the pipe 36 is cut oit. When,however, the pressure on the top of thevalve exceeds the tension orpressure of the spring 46, the valve 40 is moved down in its casing andthe port 42l is brought into register with the port 34, and the port 41is moved out of register with the port 33 and communication between thevalve casing and the pipe 35 -is cut oif and established between saidcasing and the pipe 36. With the valves in the posltion shown in Fig. 2,all four pistons are working simultaneously to force the fluid into thestorage tank or accumulator, each piston on its suction stroke drawingwater or other iluid from the supply tank 16 into its cylinder, and ontheir discharge stroke, the pistons 5, 6, 7 force the water up intotheir valve casings and through the pipe 35 and thence into theaccumulator 29, While the piston 8 forces the water through the branchpipe 37 into the pipe 35 and thence into the accumulator. After thepressure in the accumulator has been raised therein to a predeterminedpoint, the valve 40 connected with the largest pump cylinder l is movedby said pressure to cut oif the pipe 35 and connect thepipe 36 with thevalve casing, the force or tension of the spring 46 for said valve beingadjusted to be overcome at the predetermined pressure. The pumpcontinues to run but the piston area, which is effective for forcing thewater into the accumulator has been materially reduced, for instance,about one-halt; that is, piston 5 in the largest cylinder 1reciproc-ates in unison with the other pistons and draws liquid from thesupply as above described, on its suction stroke, and on its dischargestroke, the liquid is returned to the supply tank, it passing from thevalve casing 30 through the ports 42, 34 into the pipe 36, which returnsit to the supply tank. The large cylinder 1 is thus practically cut out,and the reduced area of the remaining pistons, being less than themaximum area which the steam engine initially took care of, enables thesteam engine to work the three remaining pistons against the pressure inthe accumulator. The pressure in the accumulatoil is thus raised untilit reaches a higher predetermined point, at which time the said pressureoperates the valve 40 connected with pump cylinder 2 to connect thevalve casing with the supply tank, thereby automatically cutting-out thenext largest cylinder. The pump continues to run and the pistons 7, 8,remain eil'ective for forcing lifuid into the pressure tank against aconsi erable pressure therein, and the pump pistons 7, 8, remaineiective until the pressure in the accumulator reaches a third point,whereupon thev valve 40 connected with the third cylinder 3 is moved bythe pressure in the accumulator so as to cut out this 'pump cylinder andconnect it with the su ply tank. The pump continues to run wit thepiston area of the fourth and smallest cylinder 4 as the eifective'piston area, and liquid is forced into the accumulator until thepressure therein reaches a fourth predetermined oint, at which thepressure in the accumu ator becomes equal to the capacity of the piston8 and holds the check valve 21 closed with the result, that the pumpsare stop ed until the pressure in the accumulator haslbeen reduced as byuse, whereupon the piston 8 is again rendered active. If the pressure inthe accumulator is reduced below the third predetermined point, thepistons 7, 8, automatically become e'fective, and when said pressure isreduced to below thesecond and first predetermined points, the threepistons 6, 7, 8, and then the fourth, 5, becomes effective. As soon asthe pressure falls below the third point, the valve 40 for the cylinder3 is moved by its spring 46 to cut 0E the pipe 36 from the cylinder 3and connect the latter with the pipe 35 leading to the accumulator. Whenthe pressure falls below the second predetermined point, the spring 46moves the valve 40 of the second cylinder 2 so as to cut oit the pipe 36and conect the pipe 35. When the pressure falls below the irst or lowestpredetermined point, the spring 46 moves the valve 4G for the firstcylinder and cuts olf the pipe 36 and connects the pipe 35.

I have herein shown the pump pistons as operated by a steam engine, but1t is not desired to limit the invention to any particular form ot primemover for the pump pistons.

In practice a single tandem pump may be used with the accumulator or aduplex tandem may be used after the manner represented in Fig. 3.

I have herein shown the4 tandem pump as comprisingfour cylindersy andpistons,

but it is not desired'to limit the invention to any particular number ofthe tandem.

The invent-ion is represented in one form or construction, which may bepreferred, but it is not desired to limit the' invention to theparticular construction herein shown.

From the above description, it Will be seen that When all four pistonsare in operation to force liquid into the accumulator, the latter Willbe filled to a predetermined point in a substantially short time, andthereafter a greater plressure in the accumulator is obtained wit theprime mover Whose size and capacity remain the same. In other Words bydiminishing the piston areas by successive steps, the back pressure fromthe accumulator acting against the pistons of the pump does not overcomethe direct pressure of the prime mover, and as a result a high pressurein the accumulator is obtained in a minimum time with a prime mover ofminimum size or capacity, Which is operated in an even or uniformmanner.

A pumping apparatus embodying this invention is easy running andeconomical, and can be installed at a loW cost and maintained ineffective condition at a minimum expense.

The pistons or plungers are rendered Huid tight in their cylinders inany suitable manner as by packing rings 70, which are shown as locatedin annular grooves in the Walls of the cylinders.

Claims:

l. rlhe combination with a pressure tank or vessel, of a pumpingapparatus comprising a plurality of cylinders and pistons of differentsizes and arranged tandem, a iuid inlet for each of said cylinders, acheck valve controlling said fluid inlet, a iiuid outlet for each of'sald cylinders, a check valve controlling said iiuid outlet, means forconnecting the Huid outlets of said cylinders with the said pressuretank or vessel, and valves controlling the passage of fluid from some ofsaid cylinders to said pressure tank or vessel, said valves beingactuated by fluid pressure from said tank or vessel When said p-ressurereaches predetermined points to automatically cut ofi from said pressuretank or vessel the cylinders of the pump, which are controlled by saidvalves, substantially as described.

2. A um in a paratus comprising a pluralitypof zliigideips and pistonsof different sizes and arranged tandem, a fiuid inlet for each of saidcylinders, a check valve in said fluid inlet, a fluid outlet for each ofsaid cylinders, a check valve in said iuid outlet, and valve casingsconnected With the Huid outlets of the larger cylinders and providedwith fluid lr)utlet ports, valves in said casings controlling saidports, and means to move the cylinders in saidvalves in one direction toclose one of said ports and ope-n the other, substantially as described.

3. A pumping apparatus comprising a plurality of cylinders and pistonsof different sizes and common means for actuating said pistons andarranged tandem, fluid lnlets for said cylinders, fluid outlet pipes forsaid cylinders and valves in the fluid outlet pipes of some of saidcylinders normally open and automatically operated to close said outletpipes'and render ineflec tive the cylinders of the they are connected.

4. The combination with a pressure tank or vessel, of a pumpingapparatus comprising a plurality of' cylinders and pistons of differentsizes and common means for actuating said pistons, pipe connectionsbetween said cylinders and said pressure tank, and a valve controllingthe connection of one of said cylinders With said pressure tank andnormally open to establish communication between the same When thepressure in the tank is below a predetermined point, and actuated by cutofi' said communication When thep-ressure in the tank reaches saidpredetermined point, substantially as described.

5. The combination With a pumping appump with Which Vparatus comprisinga plurality of cylinders and pistons, and a prime mover for the same, ofa pressure tank,'iuid outlet pi es for said cylinders connecting thesame With said tank, a valve casing having a port connected With one ofsaid cylinders, a second port with Which one of the fluid outlet pipesis connected, a valve in said casing controlling said second port andnormally open, a pipe connecting the pressure tank With the valve casingon the opposite side of the valve from the port connected with the umcylinder to enable said valve to be closed by fluid pressure when thesaid pressure in' the tank reaches a predetermined point, and means toopen said falls below said predetermined point, substantiallyas`..described.

6. The combination with apumping apparatus comprising a plurality ofcylinders and pistons, a pressure receptacle, a Huid supply, means forconnecting the pump cylinders with said supply, outlet pipes for saidcylinders connected with said pressure receptacle, a valve casing havinga port connected with one of said cylinders, and having a second portconnected with the outlet pipe for said cylinder, and having a thirdport connected with the source of fluid supply, a valve in said casing,means for holding said valve in a position to normally open the portconnected with the said outlet pipe and to 'close the port connectedwith the fluid supply, and

the pressure in the tankA tovalve When the pressure means to connect thevalve casing with the name to this specification in the presence ofpresure recetacle to enalollethe presure in two subscribing Witnesses.sai receptac e to move t e valve an close the fluid outlet pipe of thepump cylinder FRANKLIN J' PERKINS 5 and open the port connected with thesource Witnesses:

of fluid Supply, substantially as described. JAS. H. CHURCHILL,

In testimony whereof, I have signed my J. MURPHY.

